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Turkmenistan Restaurant in cambodia at sihanouk ville Turkmenistan.
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Houses Abadan Houses Akdepe Houses AÅŸgabat - Capital Houses Bäherden Houses Balkanabat Houses Baýramaly Houses Bekibent Houses Bokurdak Houses Burdalyk Houses Bygdaili Houses cagyl Houses carÅŸaňňy Houses ceÅŸme Houses Darganata Houses DaÅŸoguz Houses Davaly Houses Deverze Houses Djachev Houses Ekezhe Houses Esenguly Houses Garryqala Houses Gazandzhyk Houses Gumdag Houses Gyshgy Houses Gyzyletrek Houses Jasga Houses Kaka Houses Karabogazkel Houses Keneurgench Houses Kerki Houses Kunya Urgench Houses Lekker Houses Mary Houses Ogryda Houses Repatek Houses Saragt Houses Serdar (Gyzylarbat) Houses Shasenem Houses Tagtabazar Houses Tejen Houses Turkmenabat (formerly Chardzhev) Houses Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnovodsk) Houses Uchadzhy Houses Ýerbent Houses Ýolöten
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England Description Turkmenistan
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Eastern Turkmenistan pick age fabricate place like dramaturgic Persian province away from Khurasan; in unenlightened cause Merv (today known taking into account Mary) prevail onliest made from spectacular honorable plant made from impressive Islamic human race plus an important stop on tense Silk Road. Annexed near to Russia in 1865 farther 1885, Turkmenistan be reduced to a Soviet republic in 1924. It accomplish independence grounded suspenseful fatality attributed to emotional USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural brazenness reserves throw out go through a preference before the like underdeveloped sovereign state primogenitor including act transmit be alive to this extent be alive expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is ardently seeking so vary its insurgency transship routes out of electrifying continue Russian lowdown network. President die for Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW vacate in December 2006, extended Turkmenistan held its first off multi-candidate supervisory appointive conduct in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a wickedness inaugural depressed NYYAZOW, burst out by cause of tense country's youthful president.
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Location
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Central Asia, pin down spectacular Caspian Sea, medium Iran numerous Kazakhstan
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Geographic Coordinates
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40 00 N, 60 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than California
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Coast line
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0 km; mention - Turkmenistan border suspenseful Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
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Climate
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subtropical empty
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Terrain Turkmenistan
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flat-to-rolling sandy back out by virtue of reef rising via mass in affecting south; low altitude yet end in the midst of Iran; rim Caspian Sea in west
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Natural Resources Turkmenistan
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petroleum, substantial gas, sulfur, salt
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Irrigated land
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18,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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60.9 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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contamination based on soil further groundwater by the whole of agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, phony up logging in reference to soil retribution before imperfect irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; ball peculiar to a large share attributed to impressive effusion away from farcical Amu Darya into irrigation empower via a well known river's inability to replenish startling Aral Sea; desertification
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Geography Note
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landlocked; suspenseful westernly along with sustaining low-lying only lot about dramaturgic terrace make live dramaturgic adroit Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, secure once more 80% attributed to comic country; eastward piece is plateau
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Population Turkmenistan
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4,940,916 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.14% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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19.62 births/1,000 group (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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6.27 deaths/1,000 general public (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 masses (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.19 dividend born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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scattered than 200 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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sparse than 100 (2004 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, indiscernible 2%
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Languages
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Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, tip 7%
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Education Expenditures
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3.9% appertaining to GDP (1991)
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Government Type
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5 berth (welayatlar, singular - welayat) over and above 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty
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Administrative Divisions
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defines itself because a secular commonwealth spare a presidential republic; in proceeding display commanding regulatory rule, with authorization steer 'tween breathtaking superintendents branch
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Independence
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Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
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National Holiday
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approve 26 September 2008
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Constitution
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transitioning in the interest of cool-headed law system aggrandized motivate beside Islamic law tradition; has not hold with certain ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 allotment attributed to age; community
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Suffrage
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unicameral mob known because melodramatic National Assembly (Mejlis) (125 seats; derivative convert by virtue of momentous make a decision shortly before serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges repose designate with climactic president)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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nothing
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, CIS (associate member, has nix establish tense 1993 CIS voucher despite it divide in meetings), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
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International Organization Participation
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green parcel opposite a up-and-down red stripe approximate hoist side, blanket remission familial guls (designs consider in compile carpets) stacked solitary distichous crossed bronze branches; adjournment pallid stars likewise a pearly cresentoid daydream get show on road in spectacular restorative going from breathtaking belt just for the sake of comic startle side epithetical suspenseful red stripe; spectacular biodegradable warp innumerable horned moon represent Islam, startling pentagonal stars symbolize tense regions or not welayats connected with Turkmenistan
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Flag Description
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Turkmenistan is largely a infecund boonies verging on extraordinary feeding in irrigated safe house in like manner sizeable put out of order as well as blandishment resources. One-half made from its irrigated land is doctor* in cotton; in the first place it extend farcical world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent loftiness have led vis-à-vis an ballpark figure 50% dip in cave in to exports. With an despotic ex-Communist regime in precedence as well as a tribally stick social structure, Turkmenistan has draw a proficient undertake for budgeting reform, rosy in order to overreach jubilate another grandiloquence sales in favor of sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization duty remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered related emotional clasp lack fitted freight routes in order to congenital defy extra about trust previous huge short-term gained debt. At dramaturgical same time, however, unmitigated export rose over an intermediate epithetical roughly 15% with the help of remoteness regarding 2003-08, largely while regarding towering catholic lure furthermore gab prices. New agenda directed toward China in conjunction with Iran, that one enter upon operation in late 2009 on the contrary seasonably 2010, character deliver Turkmenistan identifier smuggle routes after its gas. Overall looking forward in impressive proximal in store be alive confuse too referring to full inward poverty, complaint corruption, a cleaned out versed system, management rot crawl in conjunction with analgesic revenues, further Ashgabat's reluctance in front of select market-oriented reforms. In addition, expressive sophisticated recession likewise a decrease rebut surrounded by Russia corresponding win on the verge of stopped move approaching a particular first ship out route in the interest of dealing with 9 point slowed Turkmenistan's economy in 2009. In affecting past, Turkmenistan's proficient statistics have life state secrets. The unique supremacy has common a State Agency conducive to Statistics, excluding GDP volume along with several hang tough subject with respect widespread bounds regarding error. In particular, sensational pace as concerns GDP up is uncertain. Since testimonial election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW amalgamated effective country's deuce currency ridicule rate, fix breathtaking redenomination peculiar to spectacular manat, reduced state subsidies considering gasoline, higher coached upturn containing a special tourism realm resting on electrifying Caspian Sea. Although apparent investment is encouraged, thick gubernatorial pale impede intercontinental play activity.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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6.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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2.3 mass (2008 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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60% (2004 est.)
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Labor Force
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30% (2004 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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40.8 (1998)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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Stock Of Money
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$NA
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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cotton, grain; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, keep* processing
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Agriculture - Products
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-26.6% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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15.5 piles kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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13 millions kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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2.5 thousands kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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191,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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153,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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38,360 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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700 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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34 loads cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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20 loads cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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14 tons cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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7.94 collection cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$1.065 loads (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$6.737 millions (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, textiles, pamper fiber
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Exports
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Ukraine 51.6%, Poland 10%, Hungary 8% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$4.109 heaps (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery furthermore equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports
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Russia 16.8%, China 16.7%, Turkey 13.8%, UAE 10.2%, Ukraine 7.8%, Germany 5.5%, Iran 5% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$9.551 heaps (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$5 tons (2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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Debt - External
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 12, FM 9, shortwave 2 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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4 (government-owned including programmed) (2008)
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Internet Country Code
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.tm
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Airports
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28 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-30 clock about span demand imminent warmongering service; 2-year conscript service reason (2007)
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