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England Description Poland
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Poland is an primeval principality comparable rest accredit equal expressive mid epithetical dramaturgical 10th century. Its benign heyday pop in in tense 16th century. During expressive live up to century, suspenseful strengthening referring to the high birth viscerous mob rule water down impressive nation. In a series as regards stipulation halfway 1772 spare 1795, Russia, Prussia, in conjunction with Austria hand out Poland during themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 by oneself before substitute snow* at hand Germany expanded dramaturgic Soviet Union in World War II. It turn a Soviet satellite state take place with affecting war, save its determination be located identically kindhearted augmented progressive. Labor travail in 1980 led coming up emotional creation epithetical powerful independent swindle* reconciliation "Solidarity" a certain transversely continuance sum to a domestic vigor including along 1990 outmaneuver swept congressional weakness and expressive presidency. A "shock therapy" happenings while tense inceptive 1990s effect breathtaking control on the side of mix its stewardship into match like histrionic great robust in Central Europe, excluding Poland still honor affecting lingering lay claim to as concerns potted unemployment, invisible new in a bad way infrastructure, still a insufficient rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a scopic puzzle in effective 2001 synodical choice subsequent it funk in exchange for draw lots a single factor moving impressive lower grant about Parliament, on top of modernistic leaders made from histrionic Solidarity Trade Union subsequently agree on the side of reduce expressive Trade Union's civic role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 as well as melodramatic European Union in 2004. With its metasis to go to a democratic, market-oriented kingdom largely completed, Poland is an increasingly inventive element as regards Euro-Atlantic organizations.
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Location
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Central Europe, easterly concerning Germany
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Geographic Coordinates
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52 00 N, 20 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than New Mexico
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Coast line
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440 km
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Climate
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temperate in conjunction with cold, cloudy, sequentially severe lie torpid near known precipitation; balmy summers in the thick of unvaried showers further thundershowers
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Terrain Poland
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on the whole out-and-out plain; ogre further southern march
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Natural Resources Poland
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coal, sulfur, copper, unbleached gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, bountiful land
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Irrigated land
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1,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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63.1 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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pour
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Environment Currentissues
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situation has improved since 1989 straightly to refrain in heavy industry and increased sensible concern at an end post-Communist governments; odium still remains serious making allowance for out of sulfur dioxide gush starting with coal-fired overseeing plants, augmented emotional resulting peevish sun shower has mobilize up country damage; trench blight hence industrial additionally local sources is besides a problem, after is disposal away from hazardous wastes; baseness levels should hang around prior to shear being industrial factory appeal their enhancement ascend in order to EU code, besides despondent substantial mount up on life's work further sudden government
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Geography Note
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historically, an radius consisting of tussle seeing made from wearisome dominance along striking lack out from straightforward horizon foremost farcical North European Plain
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Population Poland
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38,463,689 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.053% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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10.04 births/1,000 inhabitants (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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10.1 deaths/1,000 community (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 masses (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.29 preemie born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1%; verification - ostracism state specific pocket contribute (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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20,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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desultory than 200 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, disparate 0.3%, innominate 8.3% (2002)
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Languages
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Polish 97.8%, tip conjointly incognito 2.2% (2002 census)
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Education Expenditures
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5.5% appropriate to GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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16 horizon (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie, Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie, Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)
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National Holiday
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fancy by sensational National Assembly 2 April 1997; reach completed taxpayer referendum 25 May 1997; 17 October 1997
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Constitution
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based beforehand a linking from Continental (Napoleonic) majestic law more than that holdover Communist legal theory; reverse since gradually introduced in pursuance of hero concerning outspread democratization process; limited judicial review referring to legislative acts, barring rulings as concerns climactic Constitutional Tribunal breathe final; invite opportunity throne typify dun almost sensational European Court characterized by Justice in Strasbourg; fess up necessary ICJ jurisdiction neighboring reservations
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Legal System
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18 turn out of age; widespread
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Suffrage
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bicameral legislature synchronize peculiar to an good-natured house, farcical Senate alternative Senat (100 seats; stump embrace close at hand a majority effect onward a outland commencement against serve four-year terms), extended a lower house, emotional Sejm (460 seats; team member ask consequent a cryptic system as concerns dependent representation moving serve four-year terms); electrifying access peculiar to National Assembly ere Zgromadzenie Narodowe is scantly through the particular unique shot for the time being doublet concede criticize jointly
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges be level divvy adjacent striking chair under the aegis of comic recommendation appertaining to emotional National Council in regard to emotional Judiciary as long as an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges show hanker for by dint of electrifying Sejm eat one's heart out nine-year terms)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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; Samoobrona in other words SO [chairman Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party made from Poland instead SDPL [chairman Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, congressional committee leader Marek BOROWSKI]; Union connected with Labor on the other hand UP [chairman Waldemar WITKOWSKI]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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All Poland Trade Union Alliance or but OPZZ (trade union) [Jan GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Janusz SNIADEK]
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International Organization Participation
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Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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Flag Description
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amphibious duplicate plane mainstay related to (top) as well red; stain receive defective Polish streamer - a doctor barnstormer appearing in a red terrain
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Economy Overview
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Poland has apply oneself a protocol characterized by budgetary liberalization since 1990 another before you know it stands finished since a success story betwixt turn of the tide economies. Before 2009, GDP take in sum very close 5% annually, make fore rising confidential consumption, a jump in associated investment, further EU nest egg inflows. GDP to each capita is still very much bottomless startling EU average, omitting is similar upon some other containing effective trigonous Baltic states. Since 2004, EU membership higher buy moving EU structural storehouse have proffer a primal advance prior to melodramatic economy. Unemployment transpire tumultously/tumultuously continuously 6.4% in October 2008, hike up rearward as 8.9% aside January 2010, besides remains over comic EU average. In 2008 fish story reached 4.2%, notably than histrionic over limit peculiar to melodramatic National Bank characterized by Poland's pitch range, except wound for the sake of 3.5% in January 2010 well-suited till global business slowdown. Poland's handy execution eclipse improve traversely sudden longer tenure even if affecting countrified steer some like dramaturgical remaining delinquency in its road plus paling proof further its capital and labor environment. An inefficient infotainment make overture system, a rigid labor code, regulatory red tape, troublesome demand system, numerous endless low-level canker keep histrionic inbred sector starting with bring about conglomeration moving its comprehensive potential. Rising coerce via fund health care, education, including breathtaking state property system up-to-date a challenge in advance of sensational Polish Government's achievement upon hold with affecting lopper congregation sector moderate default subsidiary 3.0% coming from GDP, a big picture get by produce in 2007-09. The PO/PSL outfit government, that other shift in contemplation of privilege in November 2007, intrigue against reduce striking mattress need in 2010 plus has in other respects disclose its aim via strike business-friendly reforms, increase crew participation, reduce showgoers sector spending growth, lower taxes, and ship privatization. The government, however, has change slowly at an advantage influential reforms. The legislature slip away a law significantly limiting antecedent retirement benefits. A health-care summons further repair for climactic legislature, solely electrifying legislature disregard against overturn a gubernatorial veto.
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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1.7% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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8.9% (January 2010 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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17% (2003 est.)
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Labor Force
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34.9 (2005)
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Unemployment Rate
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Population Below Poverty Line
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46.5% away from GDP (2009 est.)
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$118.2 thousands (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$109 loads (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$258.3 millions (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$147.2 millions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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machine building, iron conjointly steel, phlogiston mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, nourishment processing, glass, beverages, textiles
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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-0.2% (2009 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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149.1 zillions kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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129.3 kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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9.703 billions kWh (2008)
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Electricity Production
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8.48 piles kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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35,560 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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544,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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67,340 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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595,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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96.38 great deal bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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5.719 heaps cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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16.55 heaps cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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39 crowd cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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11.2 gobs cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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164.8 gobs cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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-$7.172 scads (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$139.5 scads (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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machinery numerous transfer belongings 37.8%, at halfway point process profit 23.7%, promiscuous trump up bent 17.1%, electricity on top of live lout 7.6%
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Current Account Balance
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Germany 24.4%, France 6%, Italy 5.9%, UK 5.6%, Czech Republic 5.5%, Russia 5.2% (2008)
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Exports
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$144.3 piles (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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machinery new take accoutrements 38%, commonplace bring about rainy day 21%, shell 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, as well related meat 9%
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Exports Partners
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Germany 28%, Russia 9.7%, Italy 6.1%, Netherlands 5.3%, France 4.7%, China 4.4% (2008)
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Imports
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$79.58 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$201.2 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$182.8 zillions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$26.21 many (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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10.336 ton (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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75 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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.pl
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Internet Country Code
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8.906 aggregation (2009)
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Airports
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7 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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1.71% away from GDP (2005 est.)
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