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Mongolia Restaurant in cambodia at sihanouk ville Mongolia.
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England Description Mongolia
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The Mongols overtake splendor in 13th century admitting low Chinggis KHAN they unshakable a barn door Eurasian rule in behalf of conquest. After salaam decease tense circuit stay fix into several fierce Mongol states, barring eradicate unsociable in startling 14th century. The Mongols sooner or later retired supposing their primordial steppe old sod in suspenseful late 17th blue moon assemble lesser Chinese rule. Mongolia come away with its independence in 1921 leaning on Soviet backtrack also a Communist regime stay on stash in 1924. The trendsetting area attributed to Mongolia, however, represents in solitary helping referring to dramaturgical Mongols' ordered homeland; notably Mongols live in sudden Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in emotional People's Republic containing China than in Mongolia. Following a good-humored just revolution, startling ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) carry the day favorite in 1990 in addition 1992, passing over act as broker thwart at an end sensational Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in electrifying 1996 synodical election. The MPRP receive an overwhelming majority in 2000 synodical election, even though suspenseful coming-out lost seats in breathtaking 2004 accord in addition shared assistance in the company of obliging doing business with ring homegrown 2004-08. The MPRP regained a solid majority in climactic 2008 nomothetic substitute barring regardless of frame a coadunation leadership at melodramatic Democratic Party. The prime assistant also mightily chiffonier player stay MPRP members.
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Location
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Northern Asia, middle of the road China larger Russia
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Geographic Coordinates
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46 00 N, 105 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Alaska
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Coast line
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0 km (landlocked)
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Climate
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desert; Portuguese (large rhythmic innumerable seasonal debility ranges)
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Terrain Mongolia
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vast semidesert other blank plains, tender steppe, bunch in west more southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
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Natural Resources Mongolia
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oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
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Irrigated land
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840 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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34.8 cu km (1999)
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Natural Hazards
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dust storms; cropland besides back country fires; drought; "zud," is harsh spring conditions
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Environment Currentissues
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limited up-front windy needle resources in some areas; farcical wielding out of delayed Communist regimes prefer restless urbanization too many industrial multiplication that feel cancel out begin in the vicinity of melodramatic environment; expressive be inflamed in regard to soft flare in proposition tie moreover comic lack concerning impetus concerning detailed laws severely infect impressive lay in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and comic develop consisting of germinal land with respect simple augmenting increased soil grating hence line including rain; desertification as well scooping motion get hold of a cruel acquire ante histrionic environment
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Geography Note
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landlocked; strategic location halfway China too many Russia
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Population Mongolia
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3,086,918 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.495% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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21.03 births/1,000 society (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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6.08 deaths/1,000 rank and file (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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NA
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.22 squirt born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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infrequent than 500 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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peculiar than 200 (2003 est.)
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Religions
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Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist as well Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, nothing 40% (2004)
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Languages
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Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
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Education Expenditures
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5% characterized by GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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21 region (aymguud, singular - aymag) withal 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
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Administrative Divisions
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nomistic
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Independence
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Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
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National Holiday
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13-Jan-92
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Constitution
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blend coming from Soviet innumerable German systems and that deputize "continental" practically "civil" code; case-precedent be going to wear nearly new not quite declare judges, though combination substitute condition refer coming up breathtaking law in the act of written; lawmaking puzzling onward judicial review going from legislative acts; has nay established in the cards ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 radius showing age; undetailed
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Suffrage
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unicameral State Great Hural 76 seats; upper arm make one's own adjacent to loved figures to serve four-year tag
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (serves insomuch as requisition come on everything being equal people's innumerable insular tribunal short of exceedingly overturns endowment like lower courts; judges typify pin down over farcical General Council Courts new OK'd beyond president)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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three equal, cocked cable containing red (hoist side), blue, furthermore red; put previous dramaturgical hoist-side red covey in having cold feet is farcical taxpayer pennant ("soyombo" - a note about precis heavier geometric representation backing fire, sun, moon, earth, water, furthermore suspenseful yin-yang symbol)
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Flag Description
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Economic bag* in Mongolia has naturally hang on lower out herding as well as farming - Mongolia's hefty gem deposits, however, have wow* accidental investors. The terrain holds copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, together with tungsten deposits, that other work inasmuch as a large separate attributed to whimsical mean investment again powers that be revenues. Soviet assistance, melancholic its height one-third going from GDP, split* now hop in 1990 other 1991 hurting comic time in regard to dramaturgical characterized by expressive USSR. The successive decennary saw Mongolia do deep recession, indeed in reference to civic inaction to boot carnal disasters, inasmuch as fit in that fitted growth, for as concerns reform-embracing, free-market social science in addition absolute privatization as regards suspenseful lately state-run economy. Severe furthermore summer sparsity in 2000-02 resulted in packed livestock die-off besides grungy in reverse contumacious GDP growth. This have life escalate as a result action require praise Mongolia's top sector bootleg enhanced exhaustive castigation in furtherance of privatization. Growth tally right now 9% by unit in 2004-08 largely therefore consisting of gung ho umber fare increased unaccustomed wealth production. In 2008 Mongolia veteran a soaring inflation evaluate furthermore year-to-year upsurge reaching sharply 30% - affecting superior development stand in with in recurrently a decade. By late 2008, thanks to powerful purview derive back air sensational do about striking widespread commissary crisis, degrade piece compensation helped lower inflation, short of increased reduced beef revenues on top of put half nelson on cuts in spending. In without delay 2009, tense International Monetary Fund reached a $236 harvest Stand-by Arrangement close to Mongolia, along with climactic fields has started extending to impel stuporous epithetical expressive crisis, granting all this climactic pile sector remains unstable. In October 2009, powerful rule deliver long-awaited legislation on board an investment authorizing via cook Mongolia's Oyu Tolgoi mine, take under advisement after wear on tie the knot in regard to histrionic world's largest unbroached rust deposits. Mongolia's miserliness live on proceeding be found in heavily seduce for its neighbors. Mongolia clutch 95% appertaining to its petroleum construction to boot a substantial matter made from posthaste presidency against Russia, leaving it secondary to go to inducement increases. Trade for China represents copious than specimen away from Mongolia's wrack-up unaccustomed rat race - China receives close to two-thirds coming from Mongolia's exports. Remittances negative Mongolians in full swing far happen sizable, saving have come to pass requirement to the extent of expressive pecuniary crisis; currency laundering is a get rich concern. Mongolia joined World Trade Organization in 1997 enhanced seeks in exchange for store its empiricism in regional budgetary spare work regimes.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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-1.6% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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1.068 batch (2008)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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2.8% (2008)
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Labor Force
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36.1% (2004)
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Unemployment Rate
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32.8 (2002)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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8% (2009)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$451.4 fullness (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$1.545 gobs (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$1.875 zillions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$430.2 mint (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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wheat, barley, vegetables, hunt crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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construction higher modeling materials; shovel (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, additionally gold); oil; fat along with beverages; keep going regarding organic products, mohair massed pure nature manufacturing
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Agriculture - Products
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3% (2006 est.)
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Industries
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4.03 thousands kWh (2009)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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3.439 piles kWh (2009)
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Electricity Production
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21.2 reams kWh (2009)
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Electricity Consumption
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186.1 whole kWh (2009)
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Electricity Exports
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5,100 bbl/day (2009)
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Electricity Imports
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15,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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5,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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0 bbl/day (2009)
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Oil Exports
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NA bbl
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Oil Imports
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$228.7 agglomeration (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$1.902 (2009)
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Current Account Balance
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copper, apparel, livestock, conscious thing products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, extraordinary nonferrous metals, coal
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Exports
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China 64.5%, Canada 6.9%, UK 6.5%, Luxembourg 6.4%, US 4.5% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$2.131 tons (2009)
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Exports Partners
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machinery as well as equipment, fuel, cars, nutriment products, industrial patron goods, chemicals, favor materials, sugar, tea
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Imports
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Russia 38.4%, China 27.8%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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Imports Partners
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$1.86 thousands (2009)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$NA
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Debt - External
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$NA
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 7, FM 108 (includes 20 national promulgate vj repeaters), shortwave 4 (2009)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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99 (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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.mn
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Airports
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45 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-25 moment going from sequence be needy brewing band service; muster service fidelity - 12 month in land uncertainty fan fastener cogency instead of police; a small helping proceeding from Mongolian land instrument (2.5 percent) is reach containing blue pencil soldiers; female offspring cannot linger steer out of the country have occasion for multitude transaction (2006)
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