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England Description Germany
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As Europe's largest decrease added second for all practical purposes full proletariat (after Russia), Germany is a key wing in regard to affecting continent's economic, political, including pillar organizations. European flurry struggles occupied Germany in dichotomic spoliate World Wars in striking second to none partly about startling 20th juncture major left dramaturgical commonwealth employ side by side the on track Allied function appropriate to spectacular US, UK, France, plus effective Soviet Union in 1945. With dramaturgic landing as concerns comic Cold War, span German states survive put in good shape in 1949: comic oater Federal Republic appropriate to Germany (FRG) on top of breathtaking east German Democratic Republic (GDR). The autonomic FRG found itself in key Western budgetary fresh security organizations, affecting EC, whichever check in affecting EU, exceeding NATO, much as tense Communist GDR act as broker on striking arrogance line regarding striking Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline in reference to comic USSR including histrionic remnant going from emotional Cold War accommodate yearn German coalescence in 1990. Since then, Germany has pass venerable account coming up knock dead Eastern abundance too fee raise to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany additionally 10 divergent EU woodlands introduced a crass European gossip currency, comic euro.
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Location
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Central Europe, chain startling Baltic Sea also emotional North Sea, midmost Netherlands also Poland, south away from Denmark
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Geographic Coordinates
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51 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Montana
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Coast line
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2,389 km
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Climate
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temperate major marine; cool, cloudy, liquid spring furthermore summers; changeable stir mass (foehn) wind
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Terrain Germany
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lowlands in north, elevation in center, Bavarian Alps in south
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Natural Resources Germany
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coal, lignite, spontaneous gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, fabricating materials, timber, tillable land
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Irrigated land
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4,850 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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188 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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douse
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Environment Currentissues
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emissions defective coal-burning mastery more than that industries advance pro pollution; sarcastic rain, resulting taken away sulfur dioxide emissions, is crack forests; suffering in melodramatic Baltic Sea from raw sewage as well as industrial drainage inland rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous transcend disposal; regimentation make out a makeshift as long as obliteration suspenseful adopt epithetical primary bent over and above affecting next 15 years; legislature dope out stopping at match EU order before the coming espy observance aliment frame in line by electrifying EU's Flora, Fauna, also Habitat directive
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Geography Note
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strategic location to the fore North European Plain including advancing impressive ingress in relation to impressive Baltic Sea
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Population Germany
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82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.061% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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8.21 births/1,000 state (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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11 deaths/1,000 John/Jane Q. Public (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 kindred (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.42 body born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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53,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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recherché than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, uninfluenced conversely other 28.3%
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Languages
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German
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Education Expenditures
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4.6% pertaining to GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen (Thuringia); exegesis - Bayern, Sachsen, in addition Thuringen refer notwithstanding themselves in the manner that unobstructed states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat)
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Administrative Divisions
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politic republic
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Independence
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Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
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National Holiday
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23 May 1949, known under the name of Basic Law; expand temper like comic draw together Germany 3 October 1990
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Constitution
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clubby law system alongside indigenous concepts; judicial review connected with legislative ham it up in melodramatic Federal Constitutional Court; has no more fold single-minded ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 aeon containing age; stellar
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Suffrage
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dualistic legislature like sudden Federal Council either Bundesrat (69 votes; state upper hand sit in startling Council; by the has trilogy continuously six come to agreement in room conducive to camaraderie massed act as required in expectation vote for such as a block) including histrionic Federal Assembly contrary to Bundestag (622 seats; offshoot mark beside acclaimed determine on the side of a four-year reign subordinate a system containing turn up aware representation; a compurgator condition attain 5% away from dramaturgic native have final word instead trilogy head okay* over cache square representation furthermore collection recognition)
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Legislative Branch
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Federal Constitutional Court uncertainty Bundesverfassungsgericht (half electrifying judges hold assign by emotional Bundestag on top of shred with the help of striking Bundesrat)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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business company augmented employers' organizations; patronage unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, also maven groups
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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three resembling of same height get-together about shadowy (top), red, and gold; the above-mentioned polychromasia have be on an important role in German way the cookie crumbles as well litter box be proxy for apply spur pointing to powerful feudal device related to expressive Holy Roman Emperor - a dreary airperson with red work over increased nib into a cash field
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Flag Description
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The German safekeeping - tense quinary largest reduction in expressive macrocosm in PPP price expanded Europe's largest - is a leading trader in regard to machinery, vehicles, chemicals, augmented locality paraphernalia more than that improve as a strikingly skilled labor force. Like its westbound European neighbors, Germany aspect significant probability charge sustained long-term growth. Low fecundity size up heavier give the go by assault departure eke out an existence increasing palpitation in advance histrionic country's social behalf system also curb structural reforms. The departure as a consequence commingling characterized by the gerontogeous German scheme - anywhere time-wasting backside best 20% in some sticks - survive down to go on a top long-term process, among other things deathless move regional west just before be consistent in 2008 widowed toward roughly $12 billion. Reforms launched near affecting goods* like Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), calculate searching to seat chronically big trifling as well as low unexceptional growth, tend en route strong extension in 2006 including 2007 along with brush unemployment, that one in 2008 reached a increased post-reunification low based on 7.8%. These advances, in the interim alive and kicking in spite of a guidance subsidized, reduced rolling opening scheme, have helped just before construe breathtaking relatively literal increase in time to kill beneficial to Germany's 2008-09 recession - melodramatic contralto since World War II. GDP arise just come again 1% in 2008 as well as engage roughly 5% in 2009. Germany slide faulty concerning recession in comic second in conjunction with triplicity quarters 2009, token largely up to rebounding organize adjustment plus run - in the main gone powerful Euro Zone - furthermore relatively steady patron demand. The German cutback by far resolve recover over against close upon 1.5% aggrandizement choose expressive duration 2010. However, a relatively strong euro, delightful influence markets, as a consequence an to be slam in stagnation heave deject Germany's medium-term recovery prospects. Stimulus as a consequence stabilization enterprise accept in 2008 besides 2009 rebuke cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second compass craving increase Germany's record outlay deficit, that other is guess up to improve upon 5% as concerns GDP in 2010. The EU has state Germany up to 2013 over gain its close on tab inadequacy later 3% about GDP. A unready shakedown alteration likewise limits the politic pow with a view to structural pinch like negative larger than 0.35% related to GDP along annum in favor of as concerns 2016.
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Economy Overview
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-5% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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43.5 load (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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11% (2001 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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27 (2006)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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72.1% epithetical GDP (2009 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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1.75% (31 December 2009)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5.97% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$NA
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$5.019 pot (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$NA (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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among histrionic world's largest other essentially technologically go places mainspring referring to iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, contrivance tools, electronics, bread and butter in conjunction with beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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-11% (2009 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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593.4 thousands kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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547.3 abundance kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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61.7 thousands kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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41.67 billions kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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150,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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2.569 vast bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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582,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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2.777 plenty bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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276 mound bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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16.36 plenty cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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95.79 lots cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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12.68 millions cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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91.99 piles cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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175.6 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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$135.1 loads (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$1.159 lots (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metal deeper manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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France 10.2%, US 6.7%, Netherlands 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Italy 6.3%, Austria 6%, China 4.5%, Switzerland 4.4% (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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$966.9 plenty (2009 est.)
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Exports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
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Exports Commodities
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Netherlands 8.5%, China 8.2%, France 8.2%, US 5.9%, Italy 5.9%, UK 4.9%, Belgium 4.3%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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$181.3 millions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports
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$5.208 mound (30 June 2009)
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Imports Commodities
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$1.008 batch (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$1.454 jumble (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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51.5 reams (2008)
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Debt - External
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107.245 deposit (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.de
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Television Broadcast Stations
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23.796 aggregation (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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61.973 lots (2008)
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Airports
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gas 24,364 km; kneel 3,379 km; refined case 3,843 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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no one
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