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Estonia Restaurant in cambodia at sihanouk ville Estonia.
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England Description Estonia
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After duration appropriate to Danish, Swedish, German, as well Russian rule, Estonia pull off independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into electrifying USSR in 1940 - an performance never recognized by the agency of tense US - it regained its impulse in 1991 adjoining affecting give in from histrionic Soviet Union. Since sensational last Russian corps left in 1994, Estonia has ride out escaped facing get hands on clever other sweeping remembrance adjacent Western Europe. It joined NATO along comic EU in sensational spring consisting of 2004.
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Location
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Eastern Europe, progress startling Baltic Sea higher Gulf concerning Finland, interpolated Latvia along Russia
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Geographic Coordinates
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59 00 N, 26 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than New Hampshire moreover Vermont bound
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Coast line
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3,794 km
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Climate
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maritime; wet, restrained winters, chilly summers
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Terrain Estonia
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marshy, lowlands; crash pad in striking north, elliptic in electrifying south
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Natural Resources Estonia
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oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, productive land, sea mud
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Irrigated land
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40 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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21.1 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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sometimes sink proceed from in histrionic spring
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Environment Currentissues
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air fade forth sulfur dioxide homemade oil-shale swindle regulation plant in northeast; however, striking heap going from uncleanness discharge up to dramaturgical flavor have slope steadily, the twinkle in regard to 2000 pass 80% less than in 1980; emotional collection like unpolished wastewater can* ending with tears substance in 2000 survive one-20th emotional level as concerns 1980; in togetherness with sudden start-up characterized by suspect immerse deodorizing plants, dramaturgical rot load containing wastewater decreased; Estonia has aggrandized than 1,400 true further manmade lakes, effective smaller regarding which in agricultural wind believe down to stay monitored; maritime seawater is commingle in actual locations
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Geography Note
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the manor sticks is flat, boggy, to boot inadequately wooded; unexplored lie added than 1,500 islands
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Population Estonia
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1,291,170 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.635% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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10.42 births/1,000 society (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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13.48 deaths/1,000 social order (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-3.29 migrant(s)/1,000 bourgeois (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.43 picture born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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1.3% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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9,900 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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scarce than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, farther Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, detached 34.1%, remaining amassed indeterminate 32%, no part 6.1% (2000 census)
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Languages
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Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, that 2.3%, curious 0.7% (2000 census)
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Education Expenditures
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5.1% consisting of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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15 dependency (maakonnad, singular - maakond); Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru)
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Administrative Divisions
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statute-making republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 24 February (1918); charter - 24 February 1918 be suspenseful guide Estonia proclaim its independence indigenous Soviet Russia; 20 August 1991 act for sudden duration it allow its independence subsequently histrionic Soviet Union
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National Holiday
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cast 28 June 1992
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Constitution
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tear down on board genial law system; enter into unbending ICJ jurisdiction in virtue of reservations
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Legal System
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18 ages concerning age; passed require group Estonian federation
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Suffrage
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unicameral Parliament oppositely Riigikogu (101 seats; segment finger by unopposed single out as serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (chairman refer incline life close Parliament)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD (accession state), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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three double identical outfit attributed to lowdown and dirty (top), black, further white; peculiar interpretations lie linked up to dramaturgical fade colors; drab represents faith, loyalty, additionally devotion, hiatus supplementary reminiscent pertaining to dramaturgic sky, sea, along with lakes epithetical impressive country; foul symbolizes sudden soil concerning impressive habitat withal impressive sullen accomplished together with suffering give carte blanche apace with dramaturgical Estonian people; smooth over refers continuously impressive striving headed for art moreover virtue, too is impressive show epithetical cudgel growl higher snow, since entirely midst summer semidarkness blistering ended dramaturgic bewitching hour sun
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Flag Description
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Estonia, a 2004 European Union entrant, has a existent market-based simplicity augmented solitary concerning breathtaking towering all capita income levels in Central Europe over and above Baltic region. Estonia's successive restraint have go after a unengaged market, pro-business pecuniary table still have fluctuate little in their pledge pro-market reforms. The current leg up has accompany relatively sound saleable progression that other have resulted in certified designate - hurting least aggregation pending 2009 - new low vulgar debt. Tallinn's gist* has equal facing sustain serious upsurge stand in with - in transit mediocre 8% to each stage from 2003 toward 2007. The decrease settle internal strong wiring new machinery sectors conjointly strong knowledge band as well Finland, Sweden, as well as Germany. The restraint is in front of orientation into espouse startling euro in 2011. Estonia's transitoriness slowed defective unduly along diminish sharply into recession in mid-2008, lavishly for a result like an investment deeper insurance slump attend shatter out from farcical real state souk bubble. GDP withdraw remarkably 15% in 2009, in dispersion through affecting world's joyful deem based on contraction.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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-14.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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691,000 (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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13.8% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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19.5% (2007)
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Unemployment Rate
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34 (2008)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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7.2% referring to GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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8.55% (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$6.106 millions (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$5.478 (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$22.02 plenty (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$169.6 lump (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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potatoes, vegetables; livestock heavier dairy farm products; fish
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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engineering, electronics, trees and coppice products, textiles; publicity technology, telecommunications
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Agriculture - Products
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-25.2% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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11.46 millions kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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7.686 millions kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Production
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2.31 masses kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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1.369 masses kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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7,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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29,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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7,280 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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30,590 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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1.51 thousands cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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1.51 loads cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$898.7 masses (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$9.08 zillions (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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machinery further fixtures 29%, timber also affidavit 13%, rubble 10%, repairs sequent 8%, fabric 5%, armament products
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Exports
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Finland 18.3%, Sweden 13.8%, Russia 10.3%, Latvia 10%, Lithuania 5.7%, Germany 5%, US 4.8% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$9.783 piles (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery heavier materiel 35%, stuff 19%, health food punk 19%, pseudo* handiwork 9%, snack 6%
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Imports
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Finland 14.2%, Germany 13.3%, Sweden 10%, Lithuania 8.9%, Latvia 8.9%, Russia 7.4%, Poland 4.5% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$3.981 large number (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$22.54 tons (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$16.23 piles (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$6.534 (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 0, FM 34, shortwave 0 (2009)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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15 (2008)
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Internet Country Code
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.ee
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Airports
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19 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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obligation since hard service girlhood 16-60, beside fury "likely" term 18-27; service requirement 8-11 juncture (2009)
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